1322, Bulgaria (2nd Empire), Theodore Svetoslav. Rare Silver Gros Coin. NGC AU+

Description

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1322, Bulgaria (2nd Empire),
Theodore Svetoslav
. Rare Silver Gros Coin. NGC AU+
Denomination: Gros
Mint Period: 1300-1322
Mint Place: Veliko Tarnovo
Reference: D&D 7.1.1; Raduchev & Zhekov 1.8.1-3.
Condition:
Certified and graded by PCGS as AU (Details: Cleaned!)
Diameter: 21mm
Weight: 1.55gm
Material: Silver
Obverse:
Theodore standing facing, holding cruciform sceptre and akakia.
Legend: CBACΛCB ЦP БΛГCPM
Reverse:
Christ Pantokrator seated facing on throne. Christogram (IC-XC) across fields.
The
Second Bulgarian Empire
(Bulgarian:
Второ българско царство
, Vtorо Bălgarskо Tsarstvo) was a medieval Bulgarian state that existed between 1185 and 1396. A successor to the First Bulgarian Empire, it reached the peak of its power under Tsars Kaloyan and Ivan Asen II before gradually being conquered by the Ottomans in the late 14th century.
Until 1256, the Second Bulgarian Empire was the dominant power in the Balkans, defeating the Byzantine Empire in several major battles. In 1205 Emperor Kaloyan defeated the newly established Latin Empire in the Battle of Adrianople. His nephew Ivan Asen II defeated the Despotate of Epiros and made Bulgaria a regional power again. During his reign, Bulgaria spread from the Adriatic to the Black Sea and the economy flourished. In the late 13th century, however, the Empire declined under constant invasions by Mongols, Byzantines, Hungarians, and Serbs, as well as internal unrest and revolts. The 14th century saw a temporary recovery and stability, but also the peak of Balkan feudalism as central authorities gradually lost power in many regions. Bulgaria was divided into three parts on the eve of the Ottoman invasion.
Despite strong Byzantine influence, Bulgarian artists and architects created their own distinctive style. In the 14th century, during the period known as the Second Golden Age of Bulgarian culture, literature, art and architecture flourished.[3] The capital city Tarnovo, which was considered a "New Constantinople", became the country's main cultural hub and the centre of the Eastern Orthodox world for contemporary Bulgarians. After the Ottoman conquest, many Bulgarian clerics and scholars emigrated to Serbia, Wallachia, Moldavia, and Russian principalities, where they introduced Bulgarian culture, books, and hesychastic ideas.
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Theodore Svetoslav
(Bulgarian:
Тодор Светослав
,
Todor Svetoslav
and also Теодор Светослав,
Teodor Svetoslav
) ruled as emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 1300 to 1322. The date of his birth is unknown. He was a wise and capable ruler who brought stability and relative prosperity to the Bulgarian Empire after two decades of constant Mongol intervention in the internal issues of the Empire. Theodore Svetoslav's reign began with the return of Southern Bessarabia to Bulgaria and a few years later he managed to defeat the Byzantines and retake most of northern Thrace occupied by them during the crisis. After 1307 he led a peaceful policy towards all neighbours, which resulted in expanded trade and economy.
Apart from his external and economic successes, Theodore Svetoslav dealt with the separatists among the nobility including his uncle. He persecuted the traitors who he thought were responsible for the Mongol interference and even the Patriarch, Joachim III, was executed.
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